READING 1

UNDERSTANDING SENTENCES

Two kind of clauses :

a.independent clause, including five basic sentences patterns

1.       S + V                                                      4.    S + V + O + C              

2.       S + V + C                                               5.    S + V + O +O

3.       S + V + O

Note :

S = subject          V = verb               O = object           C = complement

b.dependent clause

1.       adjective clause ( who, whom, which, whose,that )

e.g.  The book which you read yesterday is mine.

2.       Adverb clause ( because, because of, after, before )

e.g. Ranny goes to campus after she washed her clothes

3.       Noun clause ( what, when, where, how, why, who)

e.g. I do not know when she comes here

Examples :

Ø  The man who teaches you is actually my father.

Ø  The pen that you gave me will not be sold.

Ø  Because of you i come here.

Ø  I do not understand what she talks about.

Ø  He did not care who cheated him yesterday.

UNDERSTANDING SENTENCE PATTERNS

A.      Identifying key ideas ( the basic message ) are made up by two parties.

-          Subject

Identifies person or object the sentence is about .

e.g. She, You, Book, Cat,  etc.

-          V ( predicate )

Identifies what the person or object is doing or has done.

e.g. cook, is, are, read, etc.

B.      Locating detail

We bought apples in the market yesterday.

Detail information of this sentence are :

We = who   Bought apples = what    In the market = where  Yesterday = when

v  For the simple sentence we can know the key idea easily, but for this sentence we have to know which one the key idea and which one is detail information.

e.g. because of bad system, the regulations of this university are broken.

       because of bad system = detail information

the regulations of this university are broken = key idea

Examples :

Ø  I read novel in my bed last night.

I = who        read novel = what           in my bed = where last night = when

Ø  She hits me today.

She = who  hits = what          me = who            today = when

Ø  He likes reading because it is interesting subject.

He likes reading= key idea   because it is interesting subject = detail information

Ø  Altough you are lazy girl, you still be my friend.

Altough you are lazy girl = detail information              you still be my friend = key idea

Ø  After studying, we say alhamdulillah.

After studying = detail information                 we say alhamdulillah = key idea

C.      Sentence that combine ideas

There are two ideas and we combine them by using semi colon, comma, and conjunction words such as and, or, but, so, and yet.

Examples :

Ø  He likes blue, and his brother likes white.

Ø  Dean likes cat, but his mother dislikes it.

Ø  I will do final test tomorrow, so i study seriosly now.

Ø  Do you want to stay at home or join with us ?

Ø  My  old sister is Elis, and my young sister is Nuri.

D.      Sentence that relate ideas

There is a relation idea of the sentence, which separated by using introductory words ( when, while, after, before,although, etc ).  independent clause is most important idea, while dependent clause is less important idea.

Examples :

Ø  When her mother called, she was watching the television.

Ø  Jane cooked in the kitchen while her friend was coming.

Ø  My father leaves the office after he finished his job.

Ø   Before studying, let’s pray to Allah.

Ø  Although you are noughty, you are still my friend.