PUNCTUATIONS

1.       COMMA

A punctuation mark that is used to separate clauses or a list of things.

v  To separate clause, dependent and independent clauses.

By using introductory words  = when, while, although, after, before, etc.

e.g. i cook rice, when my mother is washing clothes .

v  To separate a list of things

v  To separate clauses

v  Certains adverbs ( at the beginning )

However, . . . .                   . . . . , however , . . . .

Furthermore, . . . .           . . . . , infact , . . . .

Infact, . . . .

v  Pharentetical phrases

Once upon a time , . . . .

One day , . . . .

In the class , . . . .

v  Before questions

v  Date, month, and year

v  Names

e.g. Ernawati, M.Ed

v  Geoghrapical names

e.g. I was born in Pekanbaru, Riau

v  Number

e.g. 8,888

v   Ellipsis

Examples :

Ø  Before i go to school, i did my homework.

Ø  I bought noodle, egg, and vegetable oil in supermarket.

Ø  She likes meatball, and her sister likes satai.

Ø  One day, my family and i went to west Sumatera.

Ø  August 22, 1888

2.       DASH

A punctuation mark that is often typed as two side by side without space between them and the words on other side of it.

v  To separate the word in the midle of sentences, from the rest of the sentence.

Dash is used in non restricted chase.

e.g. The girl-you saw in the book store-is actually my sister.

v  Endash ( to separate two words

e.g. Mia lives here from 2008-2011

examples :

Ø  The book-you bought last week-is interesting

Ø  The women-they interview-is my mother

Ø  The motorcycle-he is riding-is very expensive

Ø  Indra thought English from 2000-2008

Ø  Mike worked there from 2001-2007

3.       COLON  ( : )

The functions of colon are :

v  To introduce a list of things should be in independent clause . and after colon maybe followed by words, phrases, or sentences .

e.g. Nuri has school equipments : pencils. Pens, and books.

v  Quotation

Just for long quotation which is more than three sentences, if it is short quotation just use comma.

v  Restatement , repeat a statement with different version.

e.g. Don’t care what ever her mom say, Shelen still goes to music concert alone : she goes there alone.

v  Elaboration

Independent clause : additional information

e.g. i have a unique tips when the lamp is off : find a firefly.

Examples :

Ø  Fitri has nice accessories : pins, rings, and bracelet.

Ø  I try to practice three strategies in studying English : red books, do the exercises, and more speaking .

Ø  Dane did three mistake last day : he came late to the class, he did not do the homework, and he missed attention when his teacher was explaining the lesson.

Ø  Whatever her son’s agenda last monday, Mrs.Anne asked Jim to stay at home, she wanted Jim  studied and did his homework : Jim should study.

Ø  He tells me how to be a success person : never give

Up.

4.       SEMI COLON ( ; )

The function of semi colol are same as the functions of comma.

v  Sentence , and sentence . . . . . be sentence ; sentence

Sentence , or sentence . . . . . . . be sentence ; sentence

v  Sentense , however , sentence . . . . . be sentence ; however , sentence

Sentence , in addition , sentence . . . . . . be sentence ; in addition , sentence

Examples :

Ø  I like orange juice ; my sister likes avocado juice.

Ø  Shella joins to shopping center ; she stays at home.

Ø  It was heavy rain ; john still went to the office.

Ø  Lucy was very tired ; however , she did the housework.

Ø  Lea works all day in book store ; in addition , she takes classses in the evening.